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| Lipids |
Dry
WT. of a typical bacterial cell is 70% protein, 15% nucleic acids,
10% fat and 5% polysaccharides. Lipids may be simple or complex. Biologic
membranes are mostly lipids. Miller and Orgel said "No satisfactory
synthesis of fatty acid is, at present, available." |
| Sequencing |
Proteins
are polymers with up to 20 different Amino Acids arranged in exact
sequence. Changing one Amino Acid destroys activity. (e.g. Hemoglobin
(alpha chain = 141, beta chain = 146) substitute valine for glutamic
acid at the 6th position in the beta chain and it will produce Sickle
Cell Anemia - fatal. (1 out of 287 Amino Acids.) |
| Statistics |
- Borel and
others: "If anything has a probability of less than 10-49, it will
never occur.
- Williams (a Physical Chemist): "Miller's experiment is
an excellent one, scientifically speaking. When properly interpreted,
it leads to the conclusion that life could certainly never originate
spontaneously."
- Salisbury: Only 1 chance in 10515 (under favorable
conditions) that a simple protein of some 300 amino acid units might
arise by chance. If this did happen... "It would be equivalent to
admitting a miracle, and the result would be one single molecule or
a the most two or three. Life itself is not even in question but merely
one of the substances which constitute living beings. Now one molecule
is of no use. Hundreds of millions of identical ones are necessary."
- How
simple is simple: Simplest possible self-replicating entity is estimated
to need 124 proteins of 400 amino acids each. Probability of just
1 such protein is 10-114. For 124 proteins, the probability is 10-14,136.
Now if these proteins must have a certain sequence, the chance formation
= 10-64,390.
- Geometric Progression: 2 amino acids can yield 2 compounds,
3 can yield 6, 4 can yield 24, 5 can yield 120, 6 can yield 720, 7
can yield 5,040, 8 can yield 40,320, 10 can yield 628,800 and 17 can
yield 300 trillion. Human growth hormone = 245 amino acids. The probability
for formation by random chance is 10-319. If there were only
one molecule of each compound that 245 amino acids could produce,
then to total weight would equal 10280 grams (compare to the weight
of the earth = 1027 grams or the weight of the entire cosmos = 1056 grams).
- Number
of Possible Events: The universe is said to be at most 30 billion
years old. But allow that 1 trillion years or 1012 years or 1020 seconds.
And we also allow that the universe has 10130 electrons. If we assume
each electron is a system and can experience 1020 events each second,
the total possible events in 1 trillion years are 10170. The events
needed to get one replication molecule by succession of connected
events = 10450.
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