Ozone If the primitive earths atmosphere was devoid of O2, then it would also be devoid of the ozone layer which shields out the U-V light. Therefore, U-V light would destroy any chemicals of life produced in the O2 free atmosphere below.
Reduced State Complex compounds in cells are in "Reduced State" and O2 will destroy these cells. Therefore, there must not have free O2 during the original formation of life. Geologists generally concede that the oceans formed rapidly and PH and temperature of the oceans is the same as early atmosphere. But even if it started out without O2 - H2O + U-V (photolysis) will create  O2.
Thermodynamics Bonding of Amino Acids to form proteins takes energy. Rupture of bonds releases energy. Proteins do not form naturally, but they disintegrate naturally.
Building Blocks Life requires proteins made from 20 essential Amino Acids. At least 3 key Amino Acids have not been produced in the experiments designed to simulate prebiotic synthesis of proteins. Besides, the ones that are produced rapidly degrade in the same soup where they ere formed. Who was there to trap them and prevent the decline?
Problems with Proteins The origin of life experiments are unrealistic:
  1. A. Fox's studies used pure dry Amino Acids. He bought them. Where did the original ones come from?
  2. B. Fox used special ratio of Amino Acids. There were near impossible to find in natural miliue.
  3. Where to find 175 degree C. water? Fox says on edge of volcanoes, but how do we stop the reaction in 6 hrs like he did? Continued heat would destroy all proteins produced
  4. Miller and Orgel say when lava solidifies, the surface temperature is barely warmer than air. Another way of examining this problem is by asking whether there are places on the earth today with appropriate temperatures. We cannot think of a single such place."
  5. Heat would produce racemization or equal L and D isomers. Only left handed molecules are bioactive.
  6. Fox did not use homogeneous mixtures. Miller and Orgel accused him of deception on this point.
  7. Dilution of anything produced by the oceans would be so enormous. To make increase in amount of anything totally impossible. If all the N2 in the atmosphere were just one compound, concentration in oceans would be only 0.2 molar (about 0.6 OZ/QT of NH3). If multiple compounds, then 60 millionths OZ/QT as NH3.
  8. Carbohydrates (CHO) would combine with Amino Acids to form non-biologic products.
  9. Phosphorus (P) is necessary for DNA and high energy compounds. Bernal states that in primitive earth conditions P is so low that life would not evolve. Ponnamperuma and Sagan have shown that Adenosine Triphosphate (high energy) could not form in prebiological conditions. Schwartz says that all suggestions on the origin and role of phosphates in biopoesis are implausible geologically.
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