| Reduced State |
Complex compounds in cells are
in "Reduced State" and O2 will destroy these cells. Therefore, there
must not have free O2 during the original formation of life. Geologists
generally concede that the oceans formed rapidly and PH and temperature
of the oceans is the same as early atmosphere. But even if it started
out without O2 - H2O + U-V (photolysis) will create O2. |
| Thermodynamics |
Bonding
of Amino Acids to form proteins takes energy. Rupture of bonds releases
energy. Proteins do not form naturally, but they disintegrate naturally. |
| Building
Blocks |
Life requires proteins made from 20 essential Amino Acids. At
least 3 key Amino Acids have not been produced in the experiments
designed to simulate prebiotic synthesis of proteins. Besides, the
ones that are produced rapidly degrade in the same soup where they
ere formed. Who was there to trap them and prevent the decline? |
| Problems
with Proteins |
The origin of life experiments are unrealistic:
- A. Fox's
studies used pure dry Amino Acids. He bought them. Where did the original
ones come from?
- B. Fox used special ratio of Amino Acids. There were
near impossible to find in natural miliue.
- Where to find 175 degree
C. water? Fox says on edge of volcanoes, but how do we stop the reaction
in 6 hrs like he did? Continued heat would destroy all proteins produced
- Miller
and Orgel say when lava solidifies, the surface temperature is barely
warmer than air. Another way of examining this problem is by asking
whether there are places on the earth today with appropriate temperatures.
We cannot think of a single such place."
- Heat would produce racemization
or equal L and D isomers. Only left handed molecules are bioactive.
- Fox
did not use homogeneous mixtures. Miller and Orgel accused him of
deception on this point.
- Dilution of anything produced by the oceans
would be so enormous. To make increase in amount of anything totally
impossible. If all the N2 in the atmosphere were just one compound,
concentration in oceans would be only 0.2 molar (about 0.6 OZ/QT of
NH3). If multiple compounds, then 60 millionths OZ/QT as NH3.
- Carbohydrates
(CHO) would combine with Amino Acids to form non-biologic products.
- Phosphorus
(P) is necessary for DNA and high energy compounds. Bernal states
that in primitive earth conditions P is so low that life would not
evolve. Ponnamperuma and Sagan have shown that Adenosine Triphosphate
(high energy) could not form in prebiological conditions. Schwartz
says that all suggestions on the origin and role of phosphates in
biopoesis are implausible geologically.
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