Eyes Assume man had no eyes and we needed to form them. What do we need from random chance? DNA changes would have to occur to effect nervous, skeletal, muscular, vascular and endocrine systems - all at once, to form. 2 bony orbits in skull to house the eyes with holes (foramina) for nerves and vessels. Globe - sclera, choroids, and retina with its rods and cones and specialized visual chemicals, vitreous body, lens, suspensory ligament and ciliary muscle, iris (with its control nerves) cornea, aqueous humor, canal of schlemm, and internal circulation of blood. Muscles with nerves to control eye movements. Optic nerves with crossover pathways. Visual cortex in the brain with the ability to fuse the images and interpret the millions of nerve signals each second and connect with the rest of consciousness in the brain. Vestibular mechanism and also the life saving spinal cord reflexes. All features must be perfectly integrated and balanced with all other systems. Plus we need eyebrows, eyelids, eyelashes, conjunctive, tear glands, tear ducts, pigment for the iris and genes to control the color (Drosophila has 15 genes to control eye color). If everything in not just right, it would be worse than no eyes at all. (Try wearing your neighbor's glasses!)
Human Brain 12 billion cells with 120 trillion connections. Each cubic inch of the brain has 100 million cells and 10,000 miles of fibers. If one million cells were connected in all possible ways in groups of only 2 neurons = = 102783000 connections. What a chance event! (and you thought the eye was tough!)
Diversity Kellenberger - "Living things are enormously diverse in form, but form is remarkably constant within any given line of descent. Pigs remain pigs and Oak Trees remain Oak Trees, generation after generation."
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